Lonesome Dove Mythic Vs Realistic Essay Research free essay sample

Lone Dove: Mythic Vs Realistic Essay, Research Paper Myth versus Realism in the # 8220 ; Old West # 8221 ; LONESOME DOVE While Larry McMurtry awards certain fabulous characteristics of the # 8220 ; Old West, # 8221 ; his heroic poem, Lonesome Dove, is the quintessential representation of the pragmatism of the # 8220 ; Old West. # 8221 ; By contrast, mythic representations of the # 8220 ; Old West # 8221 ; be given to look absurd and cockamamie. Narratives such as the one portrayed in the movie # 8220 ; True Grit # 8221 ; look to be pathetic because of their unidimensional presentation of characters, including adult females ; their passive, Utopian environments ; and their conveniently distinct word picture of good and evil. Larry McMurtry # 8217 ; s Lonesome Dove presents characters non larger than life but complex, adult females who are non frightened and dependent, but self-sufficing and wise. # 8220 ; McMurtry is unfailing ague on the life of adult females in this adult male # 8217 ; s universe # 8221 ; ( Clemons, Contemporary Literary Criticism 254 ) . In mythic representations such as # 8220 ; True Grit # 8221 ; scoundrels are non people with complicated backgrounds which cause their hapless behaviour. We will write a custom essay sample on Lonesome Dove Mythic Vs Realistic Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Nor are at that place Indians or black people in # 8220 ; True Grit # 8221 ; although the # 8220 ; Old West # 8221 ; was populated by them. # 8220 ; All of Mr. McMurtry # 8217 ; s anti-mythic groundwork-his refusal to laud the West-works to reenforce the strength of the traditionally mythic parts of Lonesome Dove by doing it far more believable than the old familiar Equus caballus operas # 8221 ; ( Lemann, Literary Criticism 257 ) such as # 8220 ; True Grit. # 8221 ; In the movie # 8220 ; True Grit # 8221 ; Rooster Cogburn typifies the absurd qualities of a fabulous United States Marshall. He acts entirely in runing down serious slayers, but this is no job because Rooster, even though a rummy, earlier has brought to justice a wagon-load of offenders. Subsequently, with the reins of his Equus caballus in his dentitions, Rooster shoots all of his adversaries except for his arch enemy who shoots Rooster # 8217 ; s horse out from under him. Merely as the arch enemy, Robert Duvall, is about to hit Rooster, from far off person handily kills Duvall. Rooster is a adult male whose failings neer pull him down, because he is # 8220 ; larger than life # 8221 ; ( Hirsch, E! Online 2 ) . Rooster Cogburn is a character of fabulous stature whose defects neer prevent him from carry throughing his heroic workss. Larry McMurtry # 8217 ; s characters in his novel, Lonesome Dove, show existent # 8220 ; grit. # 8221 ; While Augustus ( Gus ) McCrae is an faineant adult male, unlike Rooster Cogburn, Gus is non ashamed of his indolence. # 8220 ; It # 8217 ; s a good thing that I ain # 8217 ; t scairt # 8217 ; to be lazy # 8221 ; ( McMurtry 9 ) . Gus would instead hold a whisky bottle in his manus than a shovel ( Horn, Literary Criticism 255 ) , but his crew forgives his failings because they respect his heroic capablenesss as an reliable, ferocious combatant and loyal friend. Gus McCrae # 8217 ; s former Texas Ranger spouse, Captain Woodrow C. Call, proves himself a terrific leader and an first-class cowpuncher who at the same clip lacks typical cowpuncher sociableness. # 8220 ; He heads for the river because he is tired of hearing us yap, he ain # 8217 ; t a sociable adult male and neer was # 8221 ; ( McMurtry 26 ) . Unlike Rooster Cogburn, who ever acts showily, Woodrow Call # 8217 ; s personality alterations dramatically because he is truly influenced by his fortunes. He is ever the firs t to respond to danger including expecting toxicant serpents while on the trail, and on occasion salvaging his crew from injury. Name acts the portion when needed. The # 8220 ; portraiture of McCrae and Call, ? as both heroic and adorably human, ? peculiarly delighted critics # 8221 ; ( Literary Criticism 253 ) . The foolish wit in # 8220 ; True Grit # 8221 ; efforts to make the belief that a one-eyed, alcoholic adult male who falls off his Equus caballus can separately work out jobs because he has # 8220 ; true grit. # 8221 ; The farinaceous Rooster Cogburn lives with a small Chinese adult male and a cat which seems silly in the manner it provides humourous alleviation. This is a common catch that movie shapers use who represent the # 8220 ; Old West # 8221 ; in a mythic manner. Rooster # 8217 ; s eating wonts besides characterize him comically. He frequently puts sway difficult bacon spots into his oral cavity, even offering them to dainty adult females like Kim Darby who is shocked by the offer. Other facets of wit arise when at the movie # 8217 ; s decision. Rooster rides off while incredibly leaping over a fencing in a mode of an nimble immature cowpuncher. In fact, Rooster is a cowboy prankster whose imbibing wonts lead to? absurd incidents # 8221 ; throughout the movie ( Hirsch, E! 2 ) . In contrast, referees praised Larry McMurtry # 8217 ; s history of cowboy life in the 19th century # 8220 ; as a humourous yet sincere testimonial to the American West # 8221 ; ( Literary Criticism 253 ) . McMurtry provides his characters with realistic wit as when Woodrow reflects on his partnership with Gus: It # 8217 ; s odd I partnered with a adult male like you, Name, Augustus said. If we was to run into now alternatively of when we did, I doubt we # 8217 ; vitamin Ds have two words to state to one another. Woodrow Call responded, I wish it could go on so, if it would keep you to two words. ( Literary Criticism 257 ) The exchange between Call and McCrae portrays two truly good friends and # 8220 ; gritty # 8221 ; cowboys showing wit ironically to each other. Name and McCrae converse believably, non in the gimmicky manner that the characters in # 8220 ; True Grit, # 8221 ; or those of typical unrealistic western genre talk to each other. The intervention of adult females in fabulous representations of the # 8220 ; West # 8221 ; varies aggressively with their realistic intervention in Lonesome Dove. In fabulous representations adult females tend to be either dependent and frightened without much personality, or planning overdone # 8220 ; missions of retaliation # 8221 ; such as the Matty Ross in # 8220 ; True Grit. # 8221 ; In the fabulous # 8220 ; Old West # 8221 ; work forces ever arrive merely in clip to salvage the twenty-four hours. The adult females in demand invariably search for a adult male # 8220 ; with grit. # 8221 ; In the fabulous # 8220 ; West # 8221 ; there are no farinaceous adult females, but there are those who can incredibly carry through what work forces can non. Matty can sit her Equus caballus across a river while Rooster and his spouse take a ferry. Lonesome Dove realistically depicts adult females such as Clara Allen and Lorena Wood who are # 8220 ; glorious [ in their ] individuality. # 8221 ; Clara and Lorena are # 8220 ; wilful and passionate # 8221 ; and possess # 8220 ; magnetic # 8221 ; personalities ( Horn, Literary Criticism 255 ) . Besides, in realistic portraitures a cowpuncher can be involved with two adult females at the same time. One may even be a cocotte such as Lorena who is never-the-less beautiful and # 8220 ; delicate as a desert rose # 8221 ; ( 255 ) . On the other manus, Gus can love Clara, a field, reasonable adult female married to a deceasing adult male. Clara is an reliable, Western adult female, caring for three kids while besides running a Equus caballus spread. Alternatively of being frightened by the frontier and hold oning the manus of the adult male following to her, Clara cares for a dependent adult male while courageously confronting the demands of the frontier. Clara # 8217 ; s place p revarications twenty stat mis from the nearest town, # 8220 ; a topographic point where Indians were a desperate menace, though Clara didn # 8217 ; t seem to fear them # 8221 ; ( McMurtry 653 ) . Unlike fabulous interventions of frontier adult females, the realistic portraiture permits them to germinate. Lorena begins her relationship with Gus by holding disdain for him. She treats Gus crudely, # 8220 ; Don # 8217 ; t you cheat, Gus? . If you cheat I won # 8217 ; t give you no pigeon berries # 8221 ; ( 519 ) . Gradually, Lorena begins swearing Gus to conceal her from the rough world of her calling and life. She begins to love Gus so strongly # 8220 ; that sex, someway, weakens [ and they ] become best of friends # 8221 ; ( Horn, Literary Criticism 255 ) . Merely in a realistic word picture of a Western adult female could the portraiture of a cocotte be dynamic adequate to be interesting apart from her sexual life. Mythical or realistic word pictures of characters and their actions besides influence the intervention of good and evil in # 8220 ; True Grit # 8221 ; and Lonesome Dove. In # 8220 ; True Grit # 8221 ; the scoundrels are unequivocally ever bad with no character trait that redeems them or makes them look to the full human or makes them slightly sympathetic. In one scene Rooster Cogburn interrogates some scoundrels whom he believes are about to rob a bank. Suddenly, one begins to speak, and as he speaks, another takes out a knife and cuts off the talker # 8217 ; s fingers. No facet of friendly relationship between the two is apparent. Each is a unidimensional character. Each is a scoundrel and therefore ever # 8220 ; wrong. # 8221 ; Therefore, one deserves to be harmed by his spouse without clemency while the spouse himself deserves being killed by Rooster who is ever â€Å"right† in these affairs because he is the â€Å"good guy.† By contrast, the characters in Lonesome Dove are non easy to love or detest. They encourage conflicting emotions because they are complicated. The differentiation between good and evil, right and incorrect is non ever clear because fictional events are portrayed realistically, as they might hold occurred in the Old West. In one tragic scene, Deets a sympathetic, former Texas Ranger who happens to be black, is killed by a immature Indian who is nescient that Deets is seeking to deliver a little, unsighted Indian male child. Deets one time pursued Indians under the bid of Woodrow Call and Augustus McCrae, and now he is with them prosecuting a little group of largely adult females and kids together with a few immature braves non yet of contending age. Name fires a shooting to scatter the Indians who hurriedly leave one, little, boy behind who can non see. Deets attempts to salvage the male child, but in the confusion is slain by the immature brave. It wasn # 8217 ; t right for the brav e to kill Deets, but the brave couldn # 8217 ; t weigh all the facts. He merely understood that when guns fire, normally Indians are killed, and he had neer associated a cowpuncher with person who might be helpful or good. In his passionate effort to # 8220 ; salvage # 8221 ; the male child, the immature brave # 8220 ; couldn # 8217 ; t halt coming and couldn # 8217 ; t halt hating either? . # 8221 ; ( McMurtry 800 ) . It was non clearly incorrect or immoral for the Indians to take the Equus caballuss when all the factors environing the incident are considered. Of the 20 Indians involved, most of them were adult females and kids and hence non a menace to Name and the others. Furthermore, the Indians took the Equus caballuss for nutrient ; they had been hungering. They were without nutrient because of the effects of the war they had fought with the white adult male over land the white adult male was taking from them. Gus understands this quandary instantly when he sees the hungry Indians eating the Equus caballuss: # 8220 ; These aren # 8217 ; t the mighty Plains Indians we # 8217 ; ve been hearing about? Let # 8217 ; s travel, we don # 8217 ; t want to be hiting these people, although it would be a clemency? . # 8221 ; ( 798 ) . Neither Call nor Macrae administer instant justness. The universe of good and evil is non defined in the clear cut black and white mode as for Rooster Cogburn. Both C all and McCrae are troubled over the decease of Deets. # 8220 ; [ Name ] could non acquire over his surprise. Though he had seen 100s of surprising things in conflict, this was the most lurid? . # 8221 ; ( 802 ) . The # 8220 ; half-blooded # 8221 ; Blue Duck is a complicated character whose life and actions blur the line that separates good and evil. Blue Duck was an old enemy of Call and McCrae in their Texas Ranger yearss of runing Indians. Blue Duck carried out many bad workss in his life including hiting another Indian in the caput in order to convert the remainder that it was non a good thought to uncover his location to the white work forces. He could merely as easy kill a white adult male. At the terminal of his life when he was eventually caught, he jumped out of a window to his decease taking a white deputy with him. Blue Duck turned out perpetrating evil workss, but he was a merchandise of two civilizations which each rejected him, the Indian and the white. He was half Indian and half white, but he was all baffled. He was bound to be a # 8220 ; sick person, # 8221 ; it was his lone agencies of endurance. Cultures can be judged merely as easy for their actions as persons, and the consequences of such opinions are non ever easy to specify. Reality brings with it ambiguity. The function of environment in fabulous narratives of the # 8220 ; Old West # 8221 ; is a background Eden. Whereas in realistically told narratives such as Lonesome Dove, it plays a more active, finding function. In # 8220 ; True Grit # 8221 ; the environment is neer a factor that hinders the accomplishment of Rooster Cogburn # 8217 ; s ends. Neither Rooster nor his comrades of all time confront a hail of grasshoppers which can throw him off his Equus caballus. He can carry through this on his ain. Rooster is neer stopped from prosecuting the slayer of Matty Ross # 8217 ; father because of a violent air current or sand storm. Unlike Woodrow Call who is obsessed with the environing environment because it brings the menace of Indians, Rooster Cogburn rides through an harmless environment that is more like a Eden than like a topographic point where # 8220 ; the Earth is largely merely a boneyard but reasonably in the sunshine # 8221 ; harmonizing to Gus McCrae ( Horn, Literary C riticism 255 ) . Larry McMurtry portrays the environment of the # 8220 ; Old West # 8221 ; about as if it were another character because of its ability to change the lives of the existent characters. If one character could hit another without clemency, so the environment could besides do injury without commiseration. In Lonesome Dove when their companions have suffered from some environmental # 8220 ; onslaught # 8221 ; such as a air current or rain storm, the other cowpunchers react to their safety as if they had been attacked by Indians. When Newt became lost, the first inquiry he asked the others upon returning was # 8220 ; Did the grasshoppers hurt anybody? # 8221 ; ( McMurtry 570 ) . Yes, they attacked the cowpunchers by covering the cowss and eating their apparels. Grasshoppers coming out of the environment spooked Jasper # 8217 ; s Equus caballus which threw him doing him to interrupt a clavicle ( 571 ) . Sean O # 8217 ; Brien was # 8220 ; attacked # 8221 ; by a H2O mocassin and dies non because he made a hapless pick against a human enemy such as non pulling his gun fast plenty but because the environment was unsafe, and like a bad individual could be harmful if it was disregarded long plenty. Bill Spettle lost his life together with 12 cowss in a electrical storm. This same storm altered the lives of the cowpuncher by impeding the herd # 8217 ; s advancement. It might non be a individual but alternatively rain, hail, or grasshoppers which by their actions could change the way of the existent characters # 8217 ; . In this manner the environment could look to be another character and at times a endangering one. Larry McMurtry was raised on a Texas Livestock Ranch which provided him an confidant apprehension of Texas, cowpuncher, and the whole civilization environing ranch life. As a male child he frequently spoke with older work forces who knew the experience of the # 8220 ; Old West # 8221 ; good. His uncles frequently told him # 8220 ; about the yearss when the scope was unfastened [ and about ] ? wily Indian scoundrels [ such as Blue Duck ] and the charitable? Lorena # 8221 ; ( Literary Criticism 253 ) . With such a personal influence, McMurtry was informed and inspired to see if he could do the narratives of the old yearss # 8220 ; existent # 8221 ; ( 253 ) . McMurtry # 8217 ; s background allows him to compose a Western novel # 8220 ; known for its pragmatism # 8221 ; ( Martin, personal interview ) . Lonesome Dove separates itself clearly from mythic representations of the # 8220 ; Old West # 8221 ; by its realistic intervention of characters including adult females ; the environment ; and the forces of good and evil. Cowboies can be officially educated, even if flawed. Gus McCrae # 8217 ; s Latin could be amusing. It translated: # 8220 ; The bunch of grapes-many sided, parti-colored, diverse-through life, begets one grape # 8221 ; ( Sewell, Literary Criticism 261 ) . At the same clip Gus hapless Latin brought pleasance to a deceasing adult male like Wilbarger, and it was an honest description of Gus, Jake Spoon, and Woodrow Call ( 261 ) . McMurtry # 8217 ; s word picture of people, morality, and the environment of the # 8220 ; Old West # 8221 ; contains a power that # 8220 ; remainders in the awesomeness of the myth of the c owpuncher. The myth, heretofore, foisted upon fleeceable audiences by Hollywood, can now be drawn from the fiction of one who knows the myth # 8221 ; ( Sewell, Literary Criticism 261 ) to stand for it realistically. 1. Clemons, Walter, et. Al. # 8220 ; Larry McMurtry, Lonesome Dove. # 8221 ; Contemporary Literary Criticism 44 ( 1986 ) : 253-262. 2. Contemporary Authors Volume 5-8. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1984 P. 767 3. Martin, Linda. Personal Interview. April 1998 4. McMurtry, Larry. Lonesome Dove. New York: Pocket Books, 1985. 5. Skow, John. # 8220 ; Climbing the Foothill. # 8221 ; Time 4 Sept. 1995: 65. 6. # 8220 ; The Box: Lonesome Dove. # 8221 ; 99 Lives 16 pp. Online. Internet. 2 May 1998. Available hypertext transfer protocol: //www.99 Lives.com/features/box/ldepi2.html. 7. True Grit. Dir. Henry Hathaway. Perf. John Wayne, Glen Campbell, Kim Darby, Robert Duvall, Dennis Hopper, and Jeremy Slate. Malofilm Group, 1969.

Definition and Examples of a Submerged Metaphor

Definition and Examples of a Submerged Metaphor A submerged metaphor is a type of metaphor (or figurative comparison) in which one of the terms (either the vehicle or the tenor) is implied rather than stated explicitly. In the book Myth and Mind (1988), Harvey Birenbaum observes that submerged metaphors lend the force of their associations in a subliminal way but are likely to be disruptive if they are realized too explicitly. Examples and Observations A submerged metaphor is  an implied comparison made in one or two words (usually verbs, nouns, adjectives). Example: Coach Smith mended the losing pitchers hurt feelings. (Not literally; he just tried to make him feel better.)​  (Patrick Sebranek,  Write Source 2000: A Guide to Writing, Thinking and Learning, 4th ed., 2000) Time and Change Metaphors Examples of submerged metaphor in the vocabulary include the lexical sub-system for constructing the meaning, or the set of concepts, that we call time and change. Expressions like time passes, as time goes by are based on the metaphor time is a moving object. Expressions like the elections are approaching, his mistakes are catching up with him are based on the metaphor events are objects moving along a path. Expressions like we are approaching the election, he thought he had left his mistakes behind him, and even we are going to win are based on the metaphor people are objects moving through time.​  (Paul Anthony Chilton and Christina Schffner, Politics as Text and Talk: Analytic Approaches to Political Discourse. John Benjamins, 2002) James Joyces Submerged Metaphors Reading Ulysses often depends upon recognizing the submerged metaphor in the stream of consciousness of the major characters. This is especially true of Stephen whose mind works in metaphorical terms. For example, Stephens association of the sea with the bowl of white china . . . holding [his mothers] green sluggish bile which she had torn up from her rotting liver by fits of loud groaning vomiting depends upon his responding to Mulligans shaving bowl as a transitive but submerged metaphor signified by the present members of the metaphorical seriesthe sea and the bowl of bileand in turn signifying them (U.5; I.108-110). Stephen is a hydrophobe whose neurosis depends upon metaphors taking precedence over logic.​  (Daniel R. Schwarz, Reading Joyces Ulysses. Macmillan, 1987) Also Known As: implicit metaphor

What is the message of the film House of Sand by Essay

What is the message of the film House of Sand by - Essay Example Upon arriving at the place, Aurea, who is pregnant, urges Vasco to leave the place since they would not have a good environment of raising their child, but Vasco opposes her strongly. This highlights the theme of male domination whereby the producer is showing the viewer that women had no say in family matters in that setting. Unfortunately, Vasco succumbs to an accident which leaves Aurea as the head of the family. Aurea decides to leave the area but her attempts to abandon this isolated and uncivilized area are rebuffed since there are no transport channels. The only link to the outside world is a salesman who is called Chico, but he also dies leaving Aurea with no options. Asa result of this, she is forced to stay in the desert and accept her fate. She is forced to raise her child, Maria in these conditions. Time elapses into years and decades. A lot happens in this time; Aurea’s mother is killed by a sandstorm and she begins interacting with the surrounding community. The message here is that despite hardships in life, resilience, industry and hard work is necessary for ensuring one’s survival. Aurea epitomizes hard work and character which enables her to raise Maria in the hard conditions. Besides, she never gives up on her daughter going to the normal world, which illustrates her virtu es of hope and belief. She has been used to highlight problems and challenges that women face in family settings, and how they should go about in fighting these challenges. Aurea is, therefore, a model of women empowerment in society. Therefore, the tale is about survival in the difficult desert conditions, and how this survival has enabled various characters develop. Therefore, the message the author is giving here is that despite hardships that people may face in life, it is possible to transform this situation into an

Answer questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 23

Answer questions - Essay Example Males that are good hunters control their hunting groups and interact a lot with fertile females. The genes for goo hunters get passed on to other generations due to increased possibility of mating with fertile females (Van, pg.198). 2: read page 205 â€Å"The Mother/Infant Bond and Social Learning† and answer the following question: What do the monkeys raised without a mother tell us about the importance of parenting among primates? Are primates purely instinctual, or do they need to learn complex behaviors? Parenting among primates plays a crucial role in shaping the basic skills of the babies. The monkeys that did not grow up with a mother could not interact well with others, and they lacked basic mothering skills towards their young ones. Primates are not purely instinctual, and they need to learn the complex behaviors. The surrogate ‘mothers’ in the story did not provide any practice for the young monkeys to emulate; this letter made them behave negatively towards others (Wrangham, pg. 205). The chimpanzees used the knuckle-walking style of locomotion when on the ground. They mostly utilized the proximal finger joints of their hands while walking on quadrupedal but not the palms of their hands. The chimpanzee in the video portrayed minimal differences between them and other subspecies. Their bodies are more robust build than the bonobos, and they seem to have slight sexual dimorphic features. The grooming handclasp in the video shows that the Chimpanzee live in a fission-fusion society. Like other animals, they move and do their activities in groups mostly because they want to avoid the predators. The group size of the Chimpanzee keeps on changing in size and composition all through the year in addition to their activities

The Case of Samsung Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The of Samsung - Case Study Example Solutions to the three issues require the inclusion of decision-making, strategic planning, and goal setting. The problem of competition can be solved by acquiring competitive advantage (Mars, 2009). Samsung can acquire this advantage by focusing on creating more appealing features to their products so as to attract more customers and establish customer loyalty. The problem of unproductive marketing strategies can be solved through market specialization in specific expertise for specific markets. Price fluctuation can be solved by developing a plan that helps to determine foreign countries exchange rates (Lindros, 2014). With this knowledge, a company can take financial actions in a more systematic manner. What the case of Samsung tells about strategic management is that it is a comprehensive process that involves a systematic set of activities that rely on resources and clearly defined actions. In terms of resource, the company relies on human and material resources as well as raw m aterials to be able to deliver. Strategic management also relies on teamwork specifically through a product marketing team that ensures the handset division controls risks and competition from other handset providers such as Nokia. The Case of ZespriAs a large exporter of kiwifruit, Zespri experiences three main issues that include; competition, market instability and fluctuating foreign exchange rates. Zespri faces great competition from other producers of kiwifruit in China and Italy as well as competition from other alternative crops.

Genome in Rainbow Trout and Steelhead

Genome in Rainbow Trout and Steelhead (lead author John Whitt) Abstract When being thrown into a different environment those new pressures can lead a population to have fast changes via natural selection. These evolutions can occur at a species level or can occur between two closely related species that have differentiated but share a common ancestor as long as the trait is beneficial for them. Population genetic and quantitative research methods have proven that certain linked areas of the genome in rainbow trout and steelhead are tied to the life history strategies of their species. Using genotype testing on 95 nucleotides it has been determined that the specific chromosome that is responsible for the life history strategies is Omy5. 1.   Introduction Being thrown into a new environment leads to quick changes in a population and the traits may even change in multiple species if they are being acted on be the same environmental forces. Different species who share a common ancestor that develop similar phenotype changes due to the habitat pressures acting on them are said to have parallel evolution. These physical changes may arise from the same genetic change in both species or can stem from different regions in both species that happen to cause the same phenotypic expression. While it is not impossible for parallel evolution to occur from a random new mutation it is much more likely to occur because of a sequence change in existing alleles. It is extremely important for researchers to determine the location of the genes they are testing for and without this, it is impossible to see how evolution is occurring at the genetic level.   It turns out most of the important traits are not controlled by a single genetic or habitat factor . They are often complex and difficult to locate.   The most difficult to genetically locate are traits that affect numerous physical changes, influence the behavior, or have a physiological effect on the species.   The researchers are using advanced techniques like genomic mapping and screening along with sequencing the entire genome of the animals being tested to help locate the area of the genome that is being affected from these rapid evolutions caused by new environments. There have been many genetic studies done on the migration of animals and it commonly accepted that genetics play a major role in the phenotypic differences that accompany these migration characteristics. These threshold traits are determined not only by the physical traits but also by the animals physiological traits. Though migration has all these complex traits that act on it researchers have also found single genes that have effect on the migration of animals as well, so it can also be quite simple at times. The single Clock gene in the Pacific salmonid is a large contributor on when the salmonid migrates.   One of the worlds most abundant and common fish is the Oncorhynchus mykiss. O. mykiss have one of the most comprehensive migratory variations. For example the rainbow trait never leaves freshwater whereas the steelhead are more located in the salt water.   It has been determined that these varying migration tendencies are genetically passed down. Though the differences be tween the steelhead and the rainbow trout are great they are the closest related O. mykiss. Steelheads have more of a complexity when it comes to factors affecting their migration. They have the typical traits that usually affect migration, but also have smoltification which gives them the traits required to go from freshwater to saltwater and ability to travel far.   The rainbow trout on the other hand only keeps the ability to swim in fresh water but gain the ability to sexually reproduce sooner. Past studies have been completed on two populations of O. mykiss that happened to be separated by an environmental barricade. They were then tested for Fst value and found that the loci had the highest values displayed linkage disequilibrium which means that they were not independently assorted. The loci were also genetically located at the same position in both fo the populations. When further tested it was determined that the two populations had 3 loci that had linkage disequilibrium as well as allelic frequency patterns that matched with gnomonic mapping tests that gave the same locations for characteristics growth rate and smoltification. These were all found on the Omy5. These determined that the Omy5 location was responsible for all the traits across populations even if they were separated, meaning that there was no genetic flow going on between the two.   Miller and colleagues goals are to find out how SNPs that coded for physical traits like maturation time, growth rate, an d smolting from past experiments are linked to the Omy5 gene. 2. Material and methods (a) Population samples Using locations from California and Oregon 21 samples of steelhead and rainbow trout were obtained from populations that were separated by natural or artificial barriers. They took the samples from above and below the barriers and also took samples from rainbow trout hatcheries, so that they could have samples from all the life stages. They believed that all of the fish samples that were obtained in the wild were of natural origin, but were not one hundred percent on the status of the hatchery samples. (b) Marker development, genotyping and analysis Miller and colleague discovered 344 single nucleotide polymorphisms that were linked to Omy5 with RAD sequencing from two of the hatchery strains. They created 55 unique SNPtype assays by adding 150bp from cloned BAC strains onto the flanking sequences of the SNP. They also utilized assays that were developed by other researchers.   Miller Pearse et al also used three loci found by Abadia Cardoso and his colleagues.   For the analysis part, they used EP1 systems and followed the recommended protocols. They used two control groups for every array. Linkage disequilibrium as well as, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were test for. Miller and colleagues only counted p-values that were under the Bonferroni-corrected value due to the large number of linked disequilibrium tests. They quantify the Omy5 in different ways. They ranked 55 loci of the Omy5 based on the r2 values and then compared those to rest of the loci. R2 value is calculated by checking to see if an allele is present at two di fferent loci. For example, one could look for allele 1 at locus 1 and locus 2 and then one would check to see if allele 2 is present at locus 1 and locus 2. These result could then be used to calculate r2.  Ã‚   Using statistical packages the researcher visualized linkage disequilibrium of the Omy5 in all of the population sampled. They also computed the amount of linkage association that was over the critical value that was shared between locus and loci. For a reference population Miller Pearse et al used the Scoot Creek steelhead because it had the biggest sample size and have had the greatest polymorphic loci.   To find if there was a link between Omy5 and life history Miller took allele frequencies from all the populations and compared them to one another still using the Scott Creek as a reference population he determined the frequency p for all the sample populations. 3. Results and analysis (a) Genetic data There was a total of 95 single nucleotide polymorphism tested eight of those failed due to not being amplified, did not show signs of polymorphism or werent in line with Mendelian segregation.   This left Miller with 87 loci which were comprised of 55 Omy5 loci and loci from the other 32 were on other linked groups. Of these 87 it was determined that 4 were not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. (b) Population structure Based on the 32 loci from other linked groups it was determined that they followed a similar trend as that of past studies. Stating that the closer the populations were to each other the more related the populations would be. Miller found when looking at the Omy5 loci it was the opposite meaning the population displayed a high separation between the populations that were separated by the waterfalls or dams. (C) Linkage disequilibrium Miller performed a total of 495 linkage disequilibrium tests on the 32 other linked groups. After the tests were Bonferroni corrected for numerous attempts it was determined that none of those groups had a significant value.   Miller now looked at the loci of the 55 Omy5 groups and the results were that out of 1430 there were a total of 602 that were significant, which gave them a total of 42% of the test samples having a significant p-value. These results conferred that the linkage on Omy5 was, in fact strong. To visualize linkage disequilibrium in all of the populations Miller took the values for the r2 which went from 0.008 0.53 (no units) and used these to order the populations. Miller found that there were 14 loci with r2 values that exceeded the critical value which is 0.9. Once analyzed there obviously a cluster of loci that were in strong linkage disequilibrium. (d) Allele frequency and haplotype variation among populations The results for allelic frequency variations agreed with the linkage disequilibrium analysis performed on the 55 Omy5 loci.   The results also gave groups of the loci whose frequencies were closely related and were linked to populations that were above and below the natural or artificial barriers. Miller took the loci with the greatest average r2 values and labeled them as one linked haplotype. These 30 loci were linked to the steelhead and rainbow trouts life-history strategies.   Miller Pearse et al then used the haplotype to determine the haplotype frequency for the steelhead and rainbow trout by using their average allele frequencies. Miller Pearse et al found that rainbow trout haplotype frequencies were higher in the areas that were above the barriers and had significantly decreased haplotype frequencies in the below barrier populations. This was accurate with the collecting data of the rainbow trout as they were found in the four populations that were taken from above the natural and artificial barriers. Miller and colleagues then compared that new species versus the older species and found that the older species had a great number of Steelhead haplotypes. 4. Discussion Miller concludes that the results prove that adaptation in natural populations can occur rapidly and are caused by the environments pressures that act upon those populations. Miller also states that artificial factors have a higher evolutionary influence on the populations than is seen with natural selection. What is still unclear to Miller is that how these pressures affect the genetic evolution of the populations. For example, if species are undergoing parallel evolution are they just developing similar traits that are better suited for their environment, or are these changes also occur similarly at the genetic level. Miller Pearse et al results imply that the parallel pressures of natural selection are also having parallel affects genetically. These effects are occurring specifically on the Omy5. Which they have concluded to be linked to the life-history patterns of that population and used the data collected from the frequency haplotyping to demonstrate that the population respon ds to environmental pressures that are acting on them.   The Omy5 also acts as a command center of some sorts and controls actions like migration. Looking to the past Millers et al experiment is in line with others performed. There have been experiments that have used different populations of sticklebacks and moved them from their normal saltwater environment to a new freshwater environment which resulted in the loss of defensive traits like armor. There are also examples of Scott Creek population that went through a pigmentation change even though it resulted in a reduction in the fitness of the population.   Miller hypothesis that life-history strategies are linked to the genetic of the population, specifically at the Omy5 region is supported by his and these past experiments. There is also evidence from past experiments that suggest that Omy5 has resistance to recombination, and is likely due to chromosome inversion. This is interesting because the region that is responsible for the change in life-history patterns is resistant to change. Could look at this like the population of O. mykiss do not want to change those traits .   It is also important to note that it is not hundred percent sure exactly what traits are being affected by the Omy5 section of the genome. It is known that the Clock gene is within the Omy5 region. The Clock gene has been linked to smolting and it is hypothesized that sense smolting is extremely complicated that there are multiple genes that are responsible for its coding. (a) Conservation implication. Miller also states that his results are showing a decrease in rainbow trout in older above barrier location and the hypothesis that if enough time passes there might be no rainbow trout in above barrier locations due to the migration history patterns of these fish, so far his hypothesis seems to accurate, because all of the rainbow trout they collected were below the barriers.   He also states that because of the artificial barriers that do not allow the populations to make migration chooses of their own that it locks them into this cycle even more. Meaning that if they were natural barriers the fish might be able to find a way past them, but since they are artificial barriers like dams that are meant to block passage that the above barrier and below barrier populations are going to stay separated.   Miller Pearse et al discusses the effects of large closed bodies of waters or reservoirs and states that these could be the reason for the higher frequency of rainbow trout haplotype since these environments favor their population more so than the steelhead. Miller and his colleagues experiment give many facts about the rapid evolution due to environmental pressures caused by a change in habitat, but they also provide some more subtle information that may be lost in the numbers. Millers experiment shows declining number of rainbow trout in older areas and presents facts about how artificial barriers affect the different population of fishes. The article also discusses how only the fish that are below the barriers are protected.   This is probably not the best way to try and keep these fish population from being endangered. The reason being that both species share such a close ancestor that they are both able to produce the same phenotypes, which should result in both of them being protected.

Perspectives of the Characters in The Young Housewife :: Young Housewife Essays

Perspectives of the Characters in The Young Housewife From the first stanza we decipher that there is a young housewife moving about her husbands house in negligee. Some important questions that come to my mind are: Is she alone?, and why is she moving? The answer to both of these questions we do not know. Is this young housewife dancing around the house in her negligee because her and her husband had a wonderfully romantic night, or is she merely shuffling along performing her wifely chores and duties? Better yet, does the young housewife really exist, or is she just a fantasy of the passer-by? This brings me to my next question . . .Is the narrator a man or a woman? It seems very easy to assume that the narrator is a man, because the author is a man, but other than that there is no real evidence proving narrative gender. In stanza one all we know about the narrator is that they are alone in a car. In stanza two all we know is that the narrator compares the young housewife to a "fallen leaf". And in stanza three, the final stanza, as the narrator passes on by, he or she bows, and smiles. As far as I am concerned the passer-by could be a female who is a close friend or relative who is merely commenting on the housewife as they pass by her house. To me The Young House Wife is about beauty, not beauty from a young fertile woman alone in negligee, but the beauty of everyday, the beauty of life. This driver, who is her passer-by compares the housewife to a fallen leaf. This fallen leaf could mean many things. The narrator could be insinuating that the young housewife is in a fallen state, maybe trapped in some kind of extra-marital sin perhaps. Maybe the narrator is trying to warn us that the housewife is sick and perhaps that is why she is not yet properly dressed though the morning is almost at an end. The meaning that I prefer to take with me is somewhat different from these perspectives. I would like to think of the young housewife as the beauty of autumn.

Chick-fil-a case study Essay

Looking at this case study, it really shows me how a company that has morals and beliefs can still make it in this competitive environment. I am a huge Chick-fil-A fan and am proud of them for standing by their beliefs. The types of marketing strategies used by Chick-fil-A are substantial and completely different from every other restaurant in the United States. Chick-fil-A’s unique corporate culture derives from Cathy’s Christian background and his desire to inspire and influence people. The company’s official statement of corporate purpose is â€Å"to glorify God by being a faithful steward of all that is entrusted to us and to have a positive influence on all who come in contact with Chick-fil-A† (Wilkinson, p.631). Another form of their marketing strategy that Chick-fil-A uses is their extensive corporate giving programs. The company has helped thousands of restaurant employees, foster children, and other young people through the WinShape Foundation that Cathy established in 1984 to help â€Å"shape winners† (Wilkinson, p.631). Their advertising is also a key role in their marketing strategy, using the â€Å"Eat Mor Chikin† campaign is one of the longest-running, and one of the most successful, advertising campaigns in the United States (Wilkinson, p.631). Chick-fil-A’s positioning strategy is a faith based and giving company that wants to help the community through charity. Their position on being closed on Sunday’s is proven by their owners statement saying, if it took seven day to make a living with a restaurant, then we needed to be in some other line of work (Wilkinson, p. 631). Being a wholesome company that wants to make a living instead of making a fortune has been a great successful position strategy for Chick-fil-A and is proven by their increase of sales yearly. I do believe that being closed of Sunday is a competitive advantage for Chick-fil-A. One of the reasons why it is a competitive advantage is because Chick-fil-A is the only restaurant that is known for being closed on Sunday and I believe that doing that shows how family, Christian based the restaurant is and makes them appeal to a vast percentage of the United States. The survey in our class proved to me that them being closed on Sundays was a competitive advantage because the majority of my classmates said that it makes them want to eat Chick-fil-A on Mondays because they can’t have it on Sundays. Obviously it isn’t a disadvantage because of the amount of sales that they had in 2005 with $1.975 billion in sales with forecasted sales of $3 billion by 2010 (Wilkinson, p. 631). I personally don’t believe that any other restaurant in the industry should consider closing on Sundays. One of the reasons I say that is because they are the first company to do it and if any company was to follow they would be called copycats of Chick-fil-A and I believe that it wouldn’t be a benefit for the company. The only way that it might work for a company, it would have to be a new company to the market and couldn’t sell chicken or look anything like Chick-fil-A. Probably in my opinion there isn’t another retailer in any type of industry that could get away with being closed on Sunday without backlash. Since Chick-fil-A started this at the beginning of the company and have stuck to their guns on this and that’s why they have had success with it, and honestly that’s Chick-fil-A’s special thing for the industry and no one else could use it. Chick-fil-A is a great company and I hope that they continue being a community steward and helping employees better themselves. Work Cited Dr. J.B. Wilkinson (2011). Chick-fil-A: â€Å"Eat Mor Chikin† (Except on Sunday). Retrieved from Basic Marketing- A marketing strategy planning approach

Patrilineal vs. Matrilineal Succession

Patrilineal vs. Matrilineal Succession Patrilineal societies, those that connect generations through the father’s line, dominate the world’s culture. And most sociologists would argue that we still live for the most part under a patriarchy, in which men serve as heads of almost every important social, cultural, and political institution. But a few cultures throughout history were matrilineal and therefore connected generations through the mother’s line. These cultures included many Native Americans, certain South Americans, and the Spanish and French Basque. And although matrilineal law is not codified in the Torah, the Jewish Oral Tradition as written in the Mishnah outlines an overwhelmingly matrilineal society: a child of a Jewish mother is always Jewish, regardless of the faith of the father. Patrilineal Succession For most of history, patrilineal succession (a patrilyny) dominated family units. Names, property, titles, and other valuables were traditionally passed on through a male line. Females did not inherit, unless there were no male heirs. Even then, distant male relatives would inherit over close female relatives like daughters.  Property passed from father to daughter indirectly, usually through dowries on a daughter’s marriage, which was paid to and came under the control of her husband or her husband’s father or another male relative. Matrilineal Succession In matrilineal succession, women inherited titles and names from their mothers, and passed them down to their daughters. Matrilineal succession did not necessarily mean that women held the power and property and titles. Sometimes, men in matrilineal societies were the ones who inherited, but they did so through their mother’s brothers, and passed their own inheritances along to their sisters’ children. The Role of Women in Promoting Patrilyny While most theorists believe that patriarchal systems came to dominate both Western and non-Western cultures through the use of force, social anthropologist Audrey Smedley’s research with the Birom people of Nigeria led her to posit that it might, in fact, be women themselves who willingly invented many features of the patrilyny. Furthermore, she argues, men’s roles are actually more constricted than women’s roles, and that women have significant decision-making within such organization. Moving Away From the Patrilyny In many ways, modern western culture has adopted more matrilineal-like structures, especially in poor communities where men are marginalized for other cultural reasons- race or immigration status, for instance.  The modern American imprisonment of a large percentage of the black male population means that many children do not have as much contact with fathers and other male relatives. So too have various property rights laws over the past several hundred years served to diminish the control that men have over women’s inherited property and women’s right to choose who inherits their property. In western cultures, it has become more common for women to keep their birth names after marriage, even if a substantial percentage of those women give their husband’s name to their children. And even if adhering to some version of  Salic law  has long prevented royal daughters from becoming  queens regnant, many monarchies have or are beginning to abolish the strict patrilineal assumptions in inheriting royal titles and power.

The 13 BEST Self-Publishing Companies of 2019

The 13 BEST Self-Publishing Companies of 2019 The 13 BEST Self-Publishing Companies of 2019 Deciding to self-publish your book is both exciting and nerve-wracking - on one end, you’re the master of everything. Yet there are so many choices that you, the publisher, need to make that it can be overwhelming.One such crossroads is the pivotal decision you’ll need to make when you decide which is the best self-publishing company for you. There are a lot of them out there advertising their services to self-published authors. And it’s tough to wade through them, especially when some are reputable and some are, well, not so much!That’s where this post comes into the picture. We’ll guide you through the 13 best self-publishing companies in the industry and give you tips on which one to choose, so that you emerge at the end of the tunnel with a beautiful book ready to be read by the world.What are your options when it comes to the best self-publishing company? How to Self-Publish a Book on Amazon Read post 💠° Pricing: Free to upload 💠¸ Royalties: 70% if the eBook price is between $2.99 and $9.99 OR 35% if priced is below $2.99 - more info here ðŸ“â€" Print or eBook? BothThe titan of online bookstores, Amazon is the first retailer on which most authors think to sell their titles. And it’s for good reason: it’s the world’s biggest seller of digital eBooks and around 74% of all eBooks bought in the U.S. in 2015 were bought from Amazon.com.Kindle Direct Publishing (KDP) is Amazon’s self-publishing platform (not to be confused with "Amazon Publishing" - their division that operates like a traditional publisher), which recently grew even bigger after its merge with CreateSpace. Any author can self-publish a book using KDP, though you’ll need to do it manually yourself. For a step-by-step guide, check out this comprehensive post on self-publishing on Amazon KDP.Note that Amazon KDP is not the same as Amazon KDP Select. KDP Select is Amazon’s exclusivity program - meaning that, if you choose to enroll in it, you can only sell your book on Amazon. In exchange for this, Amazon will giv e you:Access to Kindle Countdown Deals and free promotions. You can discount your book - and even set it to free on the Kindle store - for a certain period of days every 90 days. Learn more about the power of discounting (and the smart way to go about it) in this Reedsy Live.Enrollment in Kindle Unlimited. KU is Amazon’s subscription service for readers, which allows members to read as much as they want. It’s very popular and a good portion of Amazon customers only read titles from KU these days.If you’ve researched these perks and decided that KDP Select is the route for you, then there’s no need for you to read the rest of this post, as you’ve essentially agreed not to use any other self-publishing company 🙂 Instead, you can familiarize yourself with the KDP Select program with these resources:KDP Select vs. â€Å"Going Wide† - Which Option is Right For You?The Complete Guide to eBook DistributionApple Books💠° Pricing: F ree to upload 💠¸ Royalties: 70% on most books ðŸ“â€" Print or eBook? BothAnother big name that everyone should know, Apple founded its self-publishing arm in 2010. In 2012, Apple announced that 400 million books were downloaded on Apple Books (though it’s important to note that the number of downloads differs from the number of books sold, as The Digital Reader clarifies in this post). Though Amazon far eclipsed it as the foremost eBook reading platform since then, Apple Books still gets a fair amount of eyes.While figuring out ways to monetize a book on Apple Books might be a challenge, it’s much easier to actually publish one. Apple Books provides a platform called iBooks Author for self-publishing authors to create their books. It’s relatively easy-to-use and uploading is free!Barnes Noble Press💠° Pricing: Free 💠¸ Royalties: 65% on books priced between $2.99 and $9.99 OR 40% for books priced below $2.99 - more info here ðŸ“â€" Print or eBook? BothAs you might expect, Barnes Noble Press (formerly known as NOOK Press) is Barnes and Noble’s self-publishing platform. Barnes Noble Press has pretty infamously struggled for market share against Amazon. However, as for as interfaces are concerned, it’s easy to publish on BN Press - and, similar to the other big retailers, it’s free to upload your book. Exclusivity is not required to publish with BN Press.It’s important to note that you can set your book for free on BN Press. What’s more, Barnes Noble is still working on innovating and adding new features for self-published writers. Just this January, BN Press introduced an ad portal, making it easy for new authors to create marketing campaigns on the Barnes Noble website for their books. Check out this page for more information on self-publishing on BN press.Rakuten Kobo💠° Pricing: Free to upload 💠¸ Royalties: 70% on books priced more than $2.99 in the U.S. OR 45% for books priced below $2.99 - more info here ðŸ“â€" Print or eBook? PrintRakuten Kobo is the last big retailer that you should know. It’s a Canadian company (that’s a subsidiary of the Japanese e-commerce giant Rakuten) - as such, it’s got a strong reach in the international eBook market. However, it’s only the #5 store in terms of market share in the U.S., though it’s growing year by year.Kobo Writing Life is Kobo's free-to-use self-publishing arm - and it's fairly simple to use! Kobo’s international focus is also a sweet bonus if you’re aiming to sell your eBook in countries outside of the U.S. Don’t forget that distributing to Kobo through Kobo Writing Life (rather than an aggregator) gives you several perks, too, one of which is access to some exclusive promotion opportunities on Kobo. class=panel-body>Master advertising on KoboSign up for this free 10-part course! Enter your email below and select 'Distribution - Kobo Hacks for Optimizing Sales' in the drop-down menu of the next pop-up.Speaking of aggregators, let’s find out what are the best aggregators currently operating in the business.AggregatorsIf you’re getting a migraine just thinking about uploading your book onto all of these different book retailers by yourself, that’s when aggregators come into the picture.Aggregators are capable of aggregating all of these markets: pushing your book to each retailer and centralizing it all into one sales report. With a single upload to, for instance, Draft2Digital, your book would be on sale on Amazon, BN Press, Apple Books, Kobo - and even more smaller retailers.Then you’d be able to track your sales across all of these retailers through Draft2Digital’s interface, receiving one royalty check a month. In exchange for this service, a n aggregator will take an additional cut of your royalties - which means that this route is for anyone who wants to quickly save on time and doesn’t mind paying extra.Draft2Digital💠° Pricing: 10% of the book’s retail price per copy sold 📇 Distributes to: Amazon, Apple Books, Barnes Noble, Google Play Books, Kobo, Playster, Tolino, OverDrive, Scribd, Bibliotheca - more info here ðŸ“â€" Print or eBook? eBookIf you decide to use an aggregator, Draft2Digital is the one that we recommend at Reedsy. Why’s that? Lots of factors, including excellent customer support, an easy-to-use dashboard, and a sleek website design. Not to mention the extra perks that D2D packs into the deal: they do the formatting for you, whether you’re using eBooks or print copies of your book. D2D also:Gives authors Universal Book Links (UBL). As its name suggests, these UBLs easily make books discoverable by allowing authors to generate a link to each of their books, which goes straight to the customer’s preferred book retailer.Touts an â€Å"automated back matter† tool. This nifty service automatically adds your newly published eBook to the â€Å"Also by this author† section for your other books on every store.Add the fact that it distributes to all of the major eBook stores, and you’ve pretty much got the whole package in Draft2Digital.Smashw ords💠° Pricing: 15% of the retail price on Smashwords and 10% on other platforms per copy sold 📇 Distributes to: Apple Books, Barnes Noble, Scribd, Kobo, Blio, the Smashwords store - more info here ðŸ“â€" Print or eBook? eBookThe original aggregator, Smashwords was the undisputed king in town until Draft2Digial entered the picture. However, Smashwords is still very popular today.On a simple side-by-side comparison, Smashwords and Draft2Digital offer similar pricing structures and royalties. Where Smashwords falls short is in terms of its user experience and ease of use (you need to do the formatting yourself on Smashwords, which definitely isn’t a piece of cake). Smashwords also does not distribute books to Amazon. That said, outside of Amazon, it’s got a slightly more extensive distribution network than Draft2Digital, so whether or not you want to sell your book on some of these more obscure retailers is up to you. Our friend over on Kindlepreneur, Dave Chesson, wrote an in-depth take on the differences between Smashwords and Draft2Digital, which you can read here.PublishDrive💠° Pricing: 10% of the retail price per copy sold OR subscription pricing 📇 Distributes to: Amazon, Apple Books, Google Play, Barnes Noble, Scribd, OverDrive, Playster, Odilo, Bookmate - more info here ðŸ“â€" Print or eBook? eBookPublishDrive might be the new kid on the block, but it’s definitely made the most of its time. Founded in 2015, it works with over 4,500 publishers and can connect you to over 400 stores today. It’s got all the workings of the other aggregators: a modern interface and regular sales reports to keep you up-to-date on your profits. What sets PublishDrive apart from the pack are:PublishDrive’s subscription pricing options. If you just agree to pay $100 per month, you can keep all of your royalties, which might be a good fit for established authors in the industry.Its distribution options. Along with all of the major Western retailers, PublishDrive also specializes in international distribution, giving indie authors access to foreign markets that were previously out of reach.StreetLib💠° Pricing: 10% of the retail price per copy sold 📇 Distributes to: Amazon, Google Play, Apple Books, Barnes Noble, Kobo, Scribd, OverDrive, Indigo, Baker Taylor - more info here ðŸ“â€" Print or eBook? eBookAnother international distributor, StreetLib gives you even more options if you’re aiming to reach an international audience. It’s got a strong presence in Latin America and Europe, to the extent that its dashboard can be configured in English, Italian, Spanish, Hindi - and more! One more case in point for its international strength: in January 2019, it even began offering its services for authors in Egypt.As you can probably guess, StreetLib was founded in Europe, but it’s been making recent strides in the U.S. and the U.K. As of April 2019, it distributes books to all of the major Western stores. It’s worth checking out for any author who’s particularly thinking about selling in European territories or elsewhere abroad. Maximize your profits abroadSign up for this free 10-part course! Enter your email below and select 'Distribution - Pricing Books for an International Audience' in the drop-down menu of the next pop-up.XinXii💠° Pricing: 30% of net sales for books priced more than $2.49 OR 60% for works between below $2.48 📇 Distributes to: Amazon, Hugendubel, Angus Robertson, Thalia, Buecher, Whitcoulls, Indigo, Kobo, Livraria Cultura, Kobo, Scribd - more info here ðŸ“â€" Print or eBook? eBookXinXii isn’t actually Chinese - it’s based in Berlin. (Surprise!) As such, it offers authors foreign distribution channels that might not be readily available elsewhere. Note that it’s particularly got a strong presence in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria, distributing to a number of important retailers in those countries. However, its customer support could be found wanting, and its user interface is a bit on the clunky side: trade-offs that the author will need to make to conduct business with XinXii. 13 best self-publishing companies - and more in this masterpost #ampubbing Print-On-Demand DistributorsA print-on-demand distributor will tout itself as a one-stop shop for all of your self-publishing needs, whether that’s book cover design, book distribution, or book printing. Their costs for eBook distribution can be on the steep side (you can check out their pricing models below), but if you’re aiming to print, publish, and distribute a book, they can be incredibly useful.IngramSpark💠° Pricing: Learn more here 📇 Distributes to: Amazon, Apple Books, Barnes Noble, Follett, EBSCO, Booktopia, Kobo, Zola Books, 24Symbols, Bookmate ðŸ“â€" Print or eBook? BothIngramSpark, owned by Ingram, is simply the biggest book wholesaler in the world. For a promo code, read our IngramSpark review.BookBaby💠° Pricing: Learn more here 📇 Distributes to: Amazon, Google Play, Vearsa, Apple Books, Kobo, Bookshop, Barnes Noble, Powell’s Books, Books-A-Million ðŸ“â€" Print or eBook? BothBoasting an easy-to-use interface and reliable customer service, BookBaby is an option for many first-time self-publishing authors. To learn more about BookBaby, go to this review.Blurb💠° Pricing: Learn more here 📇 Distributes to: Amazon, Apple Books, the Blurb bookstore ðŸ“â€" Print or eBook? PrintBlurb is one of the most well-known and trusted print-on-demand services out there. We particularly recommend it for visual works - such as magazines and photo books. For an in-depth evaluation of its user friendliness and pictures of the quality of its printed books, go to this review.How can you choose the best self-publishing company for you?So that brings us to the question: how do you choose which of these self-publishing companies is the best for your book?Well, it depends on your needs. If you’re printing your self-published book (and selling printed copies), you might want to read this in-depth guide on print-on-demand services, which includes a recommended distribution setup for selling print books on online bookstores.And if you’re only planning to publish an eBook, you’ll find everything that you need to know about eBook distribution in this complete guide, which includes a full analysis of Amazon exclusivity versus â⠂¬Å"going wide,† as well as a comparison of royalties by eBook publishing platforms and retailers and a recommended eBook distribution setup.  Whatever option you choose, understand that it may take a bit of trial-and-error until you realize your perfect self-publishing system. There's no right or wrong way to go about it  - which is all a part of the magic of self-publishing in the first place.What's your experience with the best self-publishing companies? Share your thoughts in the comments below!

The Pharmacistd and Workforce Planning Research Paper

The Pharmacistd and Workforce Planning - Research Paper Example The current statistics on pharmacy professionals in the use as per the AACP survey in fall 2014 stands at â€Å"6,334 full-time and  292 part-time pharmacy faculty members† (AACP, n.d.). According to the bureau of statistics, 2012 report showed pharmacists occupied 286,400 jobs in the US (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2014). In 2008, a report by the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) Task Force showed a demand for pharmacy faculty members to increase by 20% in the next decade and in 2009, it was reported that the demand for clinical pharmaceuticals was highest (Knapp, Manolakis, Webster, & Olsen, 2011). It is estimated that despite the high enrollment rate of Pharm D the shortage in pharmacists will continue to exist for many years (Knapp, Manolakis, Webster, & Olsen, 2011). Some reports a future influx in pharmacists as opposed to their growth in demand, current statistics in enrollment also show a trend where supply will exceed demand (Smith, Wertheimer, & Fincham, 2013). According to AACP, the future of pharmacy is bright, with an estimated over 157,000 demand for pharmacists by 2020. Their role in the healthcare industry is steadily expanding, with their role termed as a vital part in the effective delivery of healthcare (AACP, n.d.). New technology is continuously developed to assists pharmacists in making their task simpler, for example medical barcodes. Their salaries has also been associated with a growing trend with their current median pay according to labor statistics bureau being $116,670 annually, with high expectations in an increase with time (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2014). According to the International Pharmaceutical Federation (2012), there is an increased demand for health services including pharmacy services. Various contemporary issue faces the professions, which include job retention, workforce development, and migration. To growth in the profession, needs assessment as well as current trends in healthcare will

Theory of why the United Nations Votes get Certain Results Essay

Theory of why the United Nations Votes get Certain Results - Essay Example The Arab and Islamic nations form a large portion of the United Nations (UN) member states. Most anti democratic and dictatorial countries, including those desperately in need of the Arabs’ oil and business opportunities with them, will most likely support their stand against the United States. Some European countries that are fearful of disgruntlement among the growing Muslim and Arab population are also likely to vote against the United States. The resolutions with the greatest potential to draw votes against the United States including those touching on Israel, Cuba, and Palestine. The UNGA approved the resolution that demanded the US to end its trade and economic blockade of Cuba by a great majority. 183 out of the 195 member states voted towards ending the blockade (Schaefer & Kim 1). Before the resolution was finally approved, it had previously been passed at the UNGA for 17 consecutive years. Failure to approve such a resolution targeted at the US for so long attracted negative votes against it. Countries that voted against the US claim that the US fails to recognize the sovereign qualities of countries, and not honoring the countries’ right to non-interference and non-intervention into their international trade or internal affairs. Cuba’s Foreign Minister pointed out that the resolution had to be approved as it was in a situation where an economic crisis was being felt worldwide. The 46 year old blockade, he added, had intensified suffering by Cubans and made worse by numerous hurricanes striking the island nation. Cuba had on many occasions declined to accept help from the US during the hurricanes. Countries that voted in support of Cuba claimed that the US always responded to the matter with its customary hypocrisy and sarcasm. They blamed the then Bush administration for constantly deceiving the international community. The Cuban Foreign Minister received support from many countries when he asserted that if the US government trul y cared about the well being of the people of Cuba, and other countries in the wider perspective, they would immediately end the blockade. It was their only ethical and moral way of redeeming their name from the evils of the blockade that was in violation of fundamental regulations of the UN Charter and international law. More member countries were against the move by the US that implemented new and enhanced economic sanctions over Cuba. They were unhappy with the enthusiastic hunting of the international economic transactions of Cuba by the US, which went to the extent of blocking internet sites associated to such transactions. By increasing its material and financial support towards actions aimed at overthrowing the constitutional leadership of Cuba, the US further aggravated nations that usually vote against its initiatives. Many member states explained their decision to support Cuba. The South African delegate acknowledged Cuba’s efforts in promoting education, health and biotechnology around the world. Cuba had also assisted developing countries to overcome their shortages in skills through bilateral